Infection pneumonia, bacterial meningitis and tuberculosis in young children

Pneumonia Disease:

Pneumonia is an infection or inflammation of the lung parenchyma (essential or functional elements of an organ). Most episodes of severe pneumonia in young children due to a viral infection, a lower percentage of the results of the bacterial infection. Newborns have normal respiratory rate between 30 and 40 breaths per minute (ppm), children under the age of 2 years, with respiratory rate 25-35 beats per minute, children 3-9 years of age respiratory rate of 20 to 25 beats per minute, and children aged 9 have normal respiratory rate of 16-20 beats per minute.

expanding node:

Infections that cause inflammation of the single or multiple lymph nodes are common in children. Amygdala and anterior cervical lymph nodes are mainly involved. When dental disease is the primary source of infection, anaerobic bacteria can be found in the submental and submandibular lymph nodes infected. The incidence is higher in autumn and winter. A function of red papule is present on the site of the scratch with regional adenitis observed near the lesion.

Bacterial meningitis:

Acute bacterial meningitis is a potentially fatal disease. Following the recommendations for vaccination of children in the United States, bacterial meningitis is now seen more often in adults than in children. The bacteria that cause meningitis are enteric pathogens in infants and encapsulated bacteria in infants and children. A careful examination, focusing on the general appearance of the child's vital signs and neurological status is crucial. Fever is present in most children with meningitis, but can occur in infants hypothermia. Draw a detailed mental status evaluation neurological examination, examination of the cranial nerves, reflexes, muscle strength and gait (if applicable). A bulging anterior fontanelle is sometimes evident in young children. Pulmonary, cardiac, abdominal pain, and bone and joint exploration can reveal the presence of additional homes.

Tuberculosis infection:

Tuberculosis in children differs from that of adolescents and adults. The increased risk is higher in children less than 4 years. The source of infection in children is usually a family contact. latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is defined as an infection in a person with a positive tuberculin test (TST) or test release of interferon-gamma (IGRA). People with TB have a positive TST or IGRA, symptoms, abnormal findings on physical examination and an abnormal chest radiograph or evidence of extrapulmonary disease. Infection begins when the core reaches a drop infected alveoli. Several outbreaks are sometimes present in children. M. tuberculosis (n the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis, generally a respiratory infection in humans, extrapulmonary tuberculosis is considered an indicator disease of AIDS) can infect the eyes, ears, skin, bone (body vertebral in particular), genitourinary and cause intra-abdominal infection.

Mothers with untreated tuberculosis during pregnancy transmit the infection to the baby. A positive TST indicates TB infection. A positive result does not distinguish between LTBI and TB. Children with pulmonary tuberculosis often have fewer respiratory that children with bacterial pneumonia problems. An infectious disease specialist should be consulted to assist in the management of all the children with TB disease suspected. Children exposed to an infected family member should have a TST placed. The BCG vaccine is less effective in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis. If the TST is negative, isoniazid is indicated for 3 months to repeat TST is placed. Isoniazid is interrupted if the second test is negative. If the initial TST is positive, it is necessary to perform a complete physical examination and obtain a chest radiograph for signs of disease.